Pierluigi Paganini
November 19, 2024
Russian Phobos ransomware operator Evgenii Ptitsyn, suspected of playing a key role in the ransomware operations, was extradited from South Korea to the US to face cybercrime charges.
According to the DoJ, the Phobos ransomware operation targeted over 1,000 public and private entities in the United States and worldwide, extorting more than $16 million in ransom payments
“The Justice Department unsealed criminal charges today against Evgenii Ptitsyn, 42, a Russian national, for allegedly administering the sale, distribution, and operation of Phobos ransomware.” reads the press release published by DoJ. “Ptitsyn made his initial appearance in the U.S. District Court for the District of Maryland on Nov. 4 after being extradited from South Korea.”
The Russian national was allegedly involved in the development, sale, distribution, and operations of the ransomware.
Evgenii Ptitsyn and others allegedly ran an international hacking scheme since November 2020, deploying Phobos ransomware to extort victims. Ptitsyn reportedly sold the ransomware on darknet forums under aliases like “derxan” and “zimmermanx,” enabling other criminals to encrypt data and demand ransom.
Ptitsyn and his conspirators used a ransomware-as-a-service (RaaS) model to distribute their malware to a network of affiliates. Affiliates paid fees to administrators like Ptitsyn for decryption keys, with payments routed via unique cryptocurrency wallets from 2021–2024.
Evgenii Ptitsyn faces a 13-count indictment for wire fraud conspiracy, wire fraud, conspiracy to commit computer fraud and abuse, four counts of causing intentional damage to protected computers, and four counts of extortion in relation to hacking. If convicted, the man could face up to 20 years in prison for each wire fraud count, 10 years for each computer hacking charge, and 5 years for conspiracy to commit computer fraud and abuse.
“It’s only a matter of time, cybercriminals will be caught and brought to justice,” said U.S. Attorney Erek L. Barron for the District of Maryland. “According to the indictment, Ptitsyn facilitated the worldwide use of a dangerous ransomware strain to target corporations and various organizations, including government agencies, healthcare facilities, educational institutions, and critical infrastructure. The U.S. Attorney’s Office for the District of Maryland is committed to bringing cybercriminals to justice and working with the private sector and the academic community to prevent and disrupt their activities.”
In March 2024, US CISA, the FBI, and MS-ISAC issued a joint cybersecurity advisory (CSA) to warn of attacks involving Phobos ransomware variants such as Backmydata, Devos, Eight, Elking, and Faust.
The attacks were observed as recently as February 2024, they targeted government, education, emergency services, healthcare, and other critical infrastructure sectors.
Phobos operation uses a ransomware-as-a-service (RaaS) model, it has been active since May 2019.
Based on information from open sources, government experts linked multiple Phobos ransomware variants to Phobos intrusions due to observed similarities in Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures (TTPs). Phobos intrusions also involved the use of various open-source tools, including Smokeloader, Cobalt Strike, and Bloodhound. These tools are widely available and user-friendly across different operating environments, contributing to the popularity of Phobos and its associated variants among various threat actors.
Threat actors behind Phobos attacks were observed gaining initial access to vulnerable networks by leveraging phishing campaigns. They dropped hidden payloads or used internet protocol (IP) scanning tools, such as Angry IP Scanner, to search for vulnerable Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) ports or by leveraging RDP on Microsoft Windows environments.
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